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Research Title:	Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Basketball.
Type of Research:	Publication Articles
Category:	Preventative Techniques
Keywords:	Knee Injury Anterior Cruciate Ligament, knee, basketball
Author(s):	T Krosshaug, A Nakamae, B P Boden, L Engebretsen, G Smith, J R Slauterbeck, T E Hewett, R Bahr
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Release Date:	12 December 2006
Research Summary/Text:	The exact mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in team sports is unclear. While understanding the joint kinematics and loading patterns that lead to injury is essential, if the aim is to prevent injuries exploring the wider context is also useful. Video tape footage of ACL injury sustained during high school, college and professional basketball was analysed by six international experts. Of the 39 videos, 17 were of male players and 22 of female players injured. Two predefined time points – initial ground contact and 50 milliseconds later – were analysed in terms of playing situation, player behaviour and joint kinematics.
Research Objectives:	The purpose of this study is to describe three factors in ACL injury involved in real injury situations – playing situation, player behaviour and joint kinematics.
Research Outcomes:	Seventy-two percent of the injuries did not involve contact with other players at the assumed time of injury. However as many as half of the females injured were pushed or collided with other players before the time of injury. Females were also at higher risk (5.3) of valgus knee collapse than men. In the majority of cases injury occurred when the player was attacking and in possession of the ball.
Research Implications:	Preventive programs should focus on avoiding valgus motion of the knee and include “distracting elements” similar to those in match situations to enhance knee control.
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